Medical researcher

Nazi persecutee

18 November 2019

Publications about the person / institution

Shoshana Duizend-Jensen, Jüdische Gemeinden, Vereine, Stiftungen und Fonds. "Arisierung" und Restitution (= Veröffentlichungen der Österreichischen Historikerkommission. Vermögensentzug während der NS-Zeit sowie Rückstellungen und Entschädigungen seit 1945 in Österreich 21/2), Wien-München 2004, URL: hiko.univie.ac.at/PDF/21-2.pdf (3.12.2020).

N. N., Korrespondenzen, Wien, in: Jüdische Volksstimme, 26.7.1911, 5, URL: anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=jvs&datum=19110726&seite=5 (3.12.2020).

N. N., Kommilitonen! Jüdische Mediziner!, in: Jüdische Volksstimme, 20.9.1911, 4, URL: anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=jvs&datum=19110920&seite=4 (3.12.2020).

N. N., Der akademische Verein jüdischer Mediziner, in: Die Stimme, 24.9.1937, 8, URL: anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=dst&datum=19370924&seite=8 (3.12.2020).

N. N., Der akademische Verein jüdischer Mediziner, in: Die Stimme, 1.10.1937, 6, URL: anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=dst&datum=19371001&seite=6 (3.12.2020).

Archives

OeStA/AdR, ZNsZ, Stillhaltekommissar Wien (Stiko Wien), 31-M3, Akademischer Verein jüdischer Mediziner.

UAW, Akademischer Senat, Sonderreihe des Akademischen Senates: Vereine, Senat S, 164120 Akademischer Verein jüdischer Mediziner, 1910–1927,
UAW, Akademischer Senat, Sonderreihe des Akademischen Senates: Vereine, Senat S, 1447/1910–1911
UAW, Akademischer Senat, Sonderreihe des Akademischen Senates: Vereine, Senat S 329/1913–1914.
UAW, Akademischer Senat, Sonderreihe des Akademischen Senates: Vereine, Senat S 163.32 Akademischer Verein Jüdischer Mediziner, 1937.11.27.
UAW, Med.Fak., Dekanat, 445/38 Akademischer Verein jüdischer Mediziner – Bekanntgabe des neugewählten Ausschusses.
UAW, Rektorat, Promotionsprotokoll 1929-1941, Sign. 194 sowie Nationalien/Studienkataloge 1862–1938, Sign. 134.

WStLA, M.Abt. 119, A32, gelöschte Vereine, 229/1921, Akademischer Verein jüdischer Mediziner.

Wikidata: Q106889631

Arnstein, Alfred

acolono — Thu, 03 Sep 2020 14:40:21 +0000

Arnstein, Alfred Leonhard Weidinger Fri, 03/05/2021 - 20:59

Alfred Arnstein

26 June 1886 Vienna – 3 January 1972 London

Alfred Arnstein was born in Vienna on 26 June 1886 as the son of the lawyer Emanuel Arnstein and Regina Hahn. He married Hildegard Arnstein, née Baum, in 1920. After completing a doctorate in medicine at the University of Vienna in 1910, he was appointed deputy assistant doctor (Assistenzarztstellvertreter) in the 3rd Medical Clinic (Wilhelm Schlesinger department) at the General Hospital (AKH) in Vienna in September that year and assistant doctor (Assistenzarzt) in 1912. Apart from working at the AKH, he also gave lectures on medicine in Viennese public education institutions. During the First World War he was a military doctor with the rank Oberarzt/Regimentsarzt and received numerous medals. After the war, he continued as an assistant doctor at the AKH and in 1921 completed his specialist training in internal medicine and opened a private practice in Vienna alongside his work at the hospital. He left the AKH on 27 March 1925 and was senior physician (Primararzt) and head (Vorstand) of the tuberculosis department of the municipal nursing home at Lainz Hospital until March 1938. Arnstein did not belong to the Gesellschaft der Ärzte in Wien. After the annexation to Nazi Germany, he and his family, who lived at Ferstelgasse 4 in the 9th district, were persecuted as Jews. Having been forced to retire on 23 April 1938, he fled with his wife and their two sons Hans and Heinrich Arnstein in August 1938 to Britain and worked from 1941 as a doctor in London. In his asset declaration of July 1938, he listed a private medical library. The Arnstein family's assets were seized by the Gestapo and became the property of the Reich in accordance with the Elfte Verordnung zum Reichsbürgergesetz (Eleventh Regulation on the Reich Citizenship Law) of 25 November 1941. Prior to that, the household had been auctioned by the Dorotheum in Vienna. After 1945, Arnstein submitted two claims to the Restitution Commission at the Landesgericht für Zivilrechtssachen (provincial court for civil law matters) in Vienna regarding the Reichsfluchtsteuer (Reich Flight Tax) he had been forced to pay and his title to property at Cobenzlgasse 55 in the 19th district. The Reich Flight Tax was not refunded and the second claim ended with a settlement. Arnstein died in London in 1972.

The systematic provenance research at then Zweigbibliothek für Geschichte der Medizin an der Universitätsbibliothek der Medizinischen Universität Wien revealed a book belonging to Alfred Arnstein that had been incorporated after March 1938 in the Bibliothek der Gesellschaft der Ärzte in Wien – Billrothaus. It was restituted in 2012 to Arnstein's legal successors.

Keywords

29 May 2019

Publications about the person / institution

Bruno Bauer/Walter Mentzel, NS-Provenienzforschung an der Medizinischen Universität Wien 2011 und 2012. Restitutionen von Büchern der Bibliothek Sassenbach sowie den Privatbibliotheken von Raoul Fernand Jellinek-Mercedes und Alfred Arnstein, in: VÖB (= Mitteilungen der Vereinigung österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare) 66 (2013) 3/4, 449–457, URL: fedora.phaidra.univie.ac.at/fedora/objects/o:309203/methods/bdef:Content/download (3.12.2020).

Renate Feikes, Emigration jüdischer Wiener Ärzte ab 1938 in die USA, speziell nach New York, 2 Bände, Dissertation Universität Wien 1999.

Todesnachricht Alfred Arnstein, in: British Medical Journal, 22.1.1972, 317.

Archives

Archiv der IKG Wien, Matriken, Geburtsbuch, 1885–1886, Alfred Arnstein.

OeStA/AdR, E-uReang, FLD, Zl. 901, Heinrich Arnstein.
OeStA/AdR, E-uReang, FLD, Zl. 4251, Alfred Arnstein.
OeStA/AdR, E-uReang, Hilfsfonds, Abgeltungsfonds 1272, Alfred Arnstein .
OeStA/AdR, E-uReang, Hilfsfonds, Abgeltungsfonds 4047, Alfred Arnstein .
OeStA/AdR, E-uReang, Hilfsfonds, Abgeltungsfonds 4812, Alfred Arnstein.
OeStA/AdR, E-uReang, VVSt, VA 24391, Alfred Arnstein.

UAW, Med. Fak., Sign. 134, Nationalien/Studienkataloge 1862–1938, Zl. 588 Alfred Arnstein (1906/07).
UAW, Med. Fak., Sign. 190, Promotionsprotokoll, 1904–1912, Zl. 1056 Alfred Arnstein (Promotion 20.4.1910).
UAW, Med. Fak., Sign. 196, Rigorosenprotokoll 1903–1930, Zl. 2 (Rigorosum: 22.4.1910).

WStLA, M.Abt. 119, A41, VEAV 739, 19. Bez., Alfred Arnstein.
WStLA, M.Abt. 202, A6, Personalakt 2. Reihe, Alfred Arnstein.

GND: 127260307

VIAF: 33015000

Wikidata: Q109352508

Bibliothek der Gesellschaft der Ärzte in Wien

acolono — Thu, 03 Sep 2020 14:39:27 +0000

Bibliothek der Gesellschaft der Ärzte in Wien Leonhard Weidinger Fri, 03/05/2021 - 21:10

Bibliothek der Gesellschaft der Ärzte in Wien

Library of the College of Physicians in Vienna

other name: Wiener medizinische Bibliothek – Billrothhaus (1939–1945)

The Gesellschaft der Ärzte in Wien (GdÄW), founded by researchers in the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna and doctors at the Allgemeines Krankenhaus (General Hospital) in Vienna in 1837, established itself in the nineteenth century as a centre of medical research. The articles of association already provided for the establishment of a library, which was installed in 1840. Most of its acquisitions came through gifts and donations, the subscriptions of the members of the GdÄW and later through the takeover of the inventories of the Allgemeines Krankenhaus Vienna department and institute libraries. As such the library grew continuously and alongside the libraries at the Josephinum (later site of the branch library for the history of medicine), the Doktoren-Kollegium and the Ärztliches Lesezimmer in the Allgemeines Krankenhaus, became the largest central medical library facility in Vienna.

After the annexation in March 1938, Jewish members of the GdÄW were forced to resign, effectively resulting in the society's dissolution and cessation of activities. One of those forced to resign was the long-standing librarian and lecturer in the history of medicine Isidor Fischer. On 22 March 1938, the Gau chairman of the NS-Ärztebund (Gau Vienna), Otto Planner-Plann, appointed Adolf Irtl, the former asset manager of the GdÄW, as temporary head of the library. Irtl had been a functionary of the GdÄW before 1938 and had joined the NSDAP on 1 March 1938. The GdÄW was in danger of dissolution under the Gesetz über die Überleitung und Eingliederung von Vereinen, Organisationen und Verbänden (Law on the Transfer and Incorporation of Societies, Organizations and Associations) in May 1938 and the corresponding regulation by the Reichsstatthalter in Austria. Until October 1938, Irtl attempted to maintain the society and library by intervening with the office of the dean of the Medical Faculty and higher-level offices. His aim was to preserve the library inventory and to re-establish the society on National Socialist principles, for which purpose he even drafted his own articles of association. The board of the Reichsärztekammer (Reich medical association) and the Liquidation Commissar finally ordered that the GdÄW assets be transferred to the Reichsärztekammer in Berlin, which would also be responsible for the library. This was followed by the dissolution of the GdÄW on 14 October 1938. The Wiener medizinische Gesellschaft was founded in February 1939 as a successor organization and the former GdÄW library integrated into it under the name Wiener medizinische Bibliothek – Billrothhaus, with Irtl as its director until 1945. The former library was thus the only library in a non-university medical society not to have been dismantled by the National Socialist regime. This was probably due to its undisputed academic significance and to the material value of the contents. The assessment of 31 March 1938 put the value of the GdÄW headquarters at Frankgasse 8 in the 9th district at 90,000 schillings and the library there at 250,000 schillings (fire insurance valuation) and it was designated as being of "inestimable value" and the "largest [non-university] German medical library". The library continued to operate from 1938 to 1945. Additions came in the form of gifts from doctors, correspondence with German libraries and the acquisition of estates, including that of the surgeon Anton Eiselsberg. In April 1939, the library obtained books from the Paracelsus library in Leipzig from Kurt Blome, representative of the Reichsärzteführer for advanced medical training. Between 1940 and 1942 it received additions through the Reichsaustauschstelle (Reich exchange) in Berlin, including books from the Senckenberg Library in Frankfurt am Main and from medical university libraries and medical facilities in Germany. After the occupation of France, it was sent French magazines by Auslandszeitungshandel GmbH in Cologne. Also in 1941 and 1942 it acquired more than three hundred books in French through Alfons Rosse, head of the press department of the Vienna Gestapo. The books probably came from seizures by the Gestapo in France.

After the liberation of Austria, the GdÄW was provisionally re-established on 10 June 1945 on the initiative of the KPÖ functionary and municipal councillor for culture and popular education Viktor Matejka with a temporary administration board. The official board was elected on 19 October 1945. Under the Vereins-Reorganisationsgesetz (Association Reorganization Law) of 31 July 1945, the society was able to operate again from 13 June 1946. The library had been moved in 1944 to a barn in Peigarten near Waidhofen an der Thaya to protect it from air raids. It was secured in 1945 and returned to its original location at Frankgasse 8 in autumn 1945. It was not until 1949 that it was released by the US occupation force and given back to the GdÄW. Until then Billrothaus was still registered as belonging to the Reichsärztekammer and was therefore considered to be German property. Most of the GdÄW library was transferred in the 1960s and above all in 1976 and 2003 in several batches to the branch library of the history of medicine, creating a central location for Vienna's documents about the history of medicine in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Keywords

Library

6 January 2019

Publications about the person / institution

Harald Albrecht/Bruno Bauer/Walter Mentzel, Josephinische Bibliothek und medizinhistorische Bestände der Universitätsbibliothek der Medizinischen Universität Wien, in: GMS Medizin – Bibliothek – Information, 12 (2012).

Peter Malina, Die Gestapo als Bücherlieferant. Vorläufige Ergebnisse der Provenienzforschung an der Universität Wien, in: Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Buchforschung (2006) 2, 30–41, URL: www.buchforschung.at/pdf/MB2006-2.pdf (3.12.2020).

Max Neuburger, Die Entwicklung des wissenschaftlichen Vereinswesens und seine Bedeutung für den medizinischen Fortschritt, in: Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift (1937) 20, 666–674.

Friedrich Ribar, Die Geschichte der Bibliothek der Gesellschaft der Ärzte in Wien 1837–1987, Wien 1990.

Karl Hermann Spitzy (Hg.), Gesellschaft der Ärzte in Wien 1837–1987, Wien 1987.

Franz Weisz, Die Geheime Staatspolizei. Staatspolizeileitstelle Wien 1938–1945. Organisation, Arbeitsweise und personale Belange, Dissertation Universität Wien 1991.

Archives

UAW, Med. Fak., Dekanat, Zl. 1.259/1937–1938.
UAW, Rektorat, Zl. 258/1941–1942, Universitätsbibliothek Wien.
UAW, Rektorat, Zl. 150/1944–1945, Bergung der Bibliothek des “Billroth-Hauses“.

WStLA, M.Abt. 119, A41, VEAV 217, 9. Bez., Gesellschaft der Ärzte in Wien.

Drey, Julius

acolono — Thu, 03 Sep 2020 14:40:39 +0000

Drey, Julius

Leonhard Weidinger Fri, 03/05/2021 - 21:34

Julius Drey

1 May 1858 Vienna – 29 April 1939 Vienna

Julius Drey was born in Vienna on 1 May 1858, the son of Lazarus Drey and Babette, née Cohn. He studied in the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna and completed his doctorate in 1882. Thereafter he worked in the General Hospital (AKH) as an assistant physician and surgeon in the 1st Obstetric Clinic. In 1886 he became head of the Erstes öffentliches Kinderkrankeninstitut (First Public Paediatric Hospital). From 1899 to 1938 he also had a practice at his home, Wipplingerstraße 13 in Vienna's 1st district. He was a member of the paediatric section of the Gesellschaft für innere Medizin und Kinderheilkunde (Internal Medicine and Paediatrics Society) in Vienna and joined the Wiener Ärztekammer in 1894. In 1893 he married Louise (Aloisie), née Kraus, a sister of the Austrian writer Karl Kraus, born on 22 July 1863 in Jitschin, Bohemia (now Jičín, Czech Republic). The couple had no children. They were of Jewish origins and persecuted by the Nazis as Jews after the annexation of Austria to the German Reich. As Jewish doctors were forbidden from working, Julius Drey closed his practice on 17 July 1938. In a letter from Aloisie to the Vermögensverkehrsstelle (Property Transaction Office) of December 1938, she stated that the couple had had no income since July 1938 and at the end of the year were completely without means. Julius Drey died on 29 April 1939 at the age of eighty-one in his apartment in Vienna and was buried on 3 May in the Central Cemetery. Aloisie Drey was deported on 22 July 1942 to the Theresienstadt ghetto and murdered on 10 October 1942. Her last place of abode before deportation was the collective housing at Czerningasse 4/5 in the 2nd district.

During provenance research at the Zweigbibliothek für Geschichte der Medizin an der Universitätsbibliothek der Medizinischen Universität Wien a book belonging to Julius Drey with the stamp "Dr. Julius Drey Wien I. Stubenbastei 10" was discovered. According to the inventory and the handwritten entry in the book itself, the former Institutsbibliothek für Geschichte der Medizin (history of medicine departmental library) had acquired it on 25 May 1949 from Antiquariat Alfred Wolf, which had been active in Nazi book looting. The heirs are currently being sought so the book can be restituted.

Keywords

Doctor

Nazi persecutee

24 November 2019

Publications about the person / institution

Renate Feikes, Emigration jüdischer Wiener Ärzte ab 1938 in die USA, speziell nach New York, Dissertation Universität Wien 1999.

Walter Mentzel/Harald Albrecht, Die "Antiquariats- und Exportbuchhandlung Alfred Wolf" – ehemals Hans Peter Kraus und Leo Weiser. Die Geschichte eines Raubunternehmens, in: Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie, Sonderband 108 (2012), NS-Raubgut in Museen, Bibliotheken und Archiven. Viertes Hannoversches Symposium, 441–454.

Publications by the person / institution

Julius Drey, Über die wichtigsten Erkrankungen der Mundhöhle im Säuglingsalter (1. Teil), in: Hebammen-Zeitung (30.11.1895) 22, 183–184, URL: anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=hez&datum=18951130&seite=1 (3.12.2020).
Julius Drey, Über die wichtigsten Erkrankungen der Mundhöhle im Säuglingsalter (2. Teil), in: Hebammen-Zeitung (15.12.1895) 23, 191–193, URL: anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=hez&datum=18951215&seite=1 (3.12.2020).
Julius Drey, Hereditäre Brachydaktilie kombiniert mit Ankylose einzelner Fingergelenke, in: Zeitschrift für Kinderheilkunde (1912) Bd. 4, H. 6, 553–561.
Julius Drey, Die ärztliche Begutachtung der Lehrlinge, in: Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift 37 (1923), Sp. 1634–1635, URL: anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=wmw&datum=1923&page=780 (3.12.2020).

Archives

Archiv der IKG Wien, Trauungsbuch 1893, Julius Drey, Aloisie Kraus.

DÖW, Datenbank österreichischer Shoah-Opfer und Todesopfer politischer Verfolgung 1938 bis 1945 sowie von der GESTAPO Wien erkennungsdienstlich erfasster Männer und Frauen: Luise Drey, Stand 7.11.2019.

Friedhofsdatenbank der IKG Wien, Julius Drey.

Ghetto Theresienstadt, Todesfallanzeige Luise (Aloisie) Drey, www.holocaust.cz/de/opferdatenbank/opfer/49237-luise-drey/, Stand 16.9.2019.

OeStA/AdR, E-uReang, VVSt, VA 44754, Louise (Aloisia) Drey.

UAW, Med.Fak., Sign. 177, Rigorosenprotokoll 1872–1894, Zl. 58b, Julius Drey (Rigorosum: 1879).
UAW, Med.Fak., Sign. 186, Promotionsprotokoll 1874–1890, Zl. 1333, Julius Drey (Promotion: 24.5.1882).
UAW, Med.Fak., Sign. 134, Nationalien/Studienkataloge 1862–1938, Zl. 121, Julius Drey.

Wikidata: Q107317029

Fürth, Otto (von)

Leonhard Weidinger — Wed, 18 Nov 2020 20:38:41 +0000

Fürth, Otto (von)

Leonhard Weidinger Mon, 04/26/2021 - 20:14

Otto (von) Fürth

18 November 1867 Strakonice, Bohemia – 7 June 1938 Vienna

Otto von Fürth was the son of Josef Ritter von Fürth (1822–1892), a factory owner and member of the Reichsrat and the Bohemian Landtag, and Wilhelmine (1832–1904), née Forchheimer. Fürth studied natural sciences and medicine in Vienna, Prague and Berlin and was awarded his doctorate in medicine in 1894 by the Institute of Pharmacology of the University of Vienna. He then worked from 1894 to 1896 as an assistant in the Institute of Pharmacology in Prague under Franz Hofmeister, whom he followed in 1896 as assistant at the Institute of Physiological Chemistry of the University of Strasbourg. He habilitated there in 1899 in applied physiological chemistry. In 1900, he married Margarethe Grünbaum, with whom he had two children, Josef Egon and Wilhelmine. In 1905 he returned with his family to Vienna and worked as a lecturer in the Physiological Chemistry Department of the University of Vienna Institute of Physiology. In 1906 he was appointed extraordinary professor of applied medical chemistry and in May 1917 obtained the title and status of an ordinary professor. In 1929 he was made an ordinary professor and appointed to the board of the Institute of Medical Chemistry. Otto Fürth and his family were persecuted by the Nazis on account of their Jewish origins. He was suspended from office in the University of Vienna after the annexation on 18 March 1938 and was forced to retire at the end of May that year. He died in Vienna on 7 June 1938. His son Josef Egon Fürth was transported on 16 November 1938 from a collective apartment at Herminengasse 32 in the 2nd district to Dachau and murdered there on 15 March 1939. His wife Margarethe and daughter Wilhelmine lived in a collective apartment at Herminengasse 16/7 in the 2nd district until their deportation on 9 June 1942, where they were murdered on 15 June of that year.

The systematic provenance research of the former inventory of the library of the 1st Surgical Clinic, now the Universitätsbibliothek der Medizinischen Universität Wien (University Library of the Medical University of Vienna), brought to light sixty-eight books and offprints with his bookplate, handwritten name or dedications to him. Two offprints and a book by him were published as late as 1937 and 1938, respectively. The heirs of Otto Fürth are currently being sought so that the items can be restituted.

Keywords

9 November 2020

Publications about the person / institution

Erhard Glaser, Professor Dr. Otto Fürth – ein Siebziger, in: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 87 (13.11.1937) 46, 1185–1186, URL: anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=wmw&datum=1937&page=1205 (3.12.2020).

Fritz Lieben, Otto von Fürth. Ein Gedenkblatt, in: Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 18.6.1948, 376–378.

N. N., Tagesnachrichten und Notizen, in: Internationale klinische Rundschau (1899) 48, 859, URL: anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=klr&datum=1899&size=45&page=877 (3.12.2020).

N. N., Tagesnachrichten und Notizen, Internationale klinische Rundschau (1905) 11, 196, URL: anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=klr&datum=1905&page=220&size=45 (3.12.2020).

Publications by the person / institution

Otto Fürth, Probleme der physiologischen und pathologischen Chemie, 2 Bände, Leipzig 1912 und 1913.
Otto Fürth, Lehrbuch der physiologischen und pathologischen Chemie in 75 Vorlesungen, Leipzig 1925.

Archives

Archiv der IKG Wien, Matriken, Trauungsbuch 1900, Otto Ritter von Fürth/Margarethe von Grünbaum.

Arolson-Archiv, Inhaftierungsdokumente/Lager und Ghettos, Konzentrationslager Dachau, Individuelle Häftlings-Unterlagen – KL Dachau: Egon Fürth.

DÖW, Datenbank österreichischer Shoah-Opfer und Todesopfer politischer Verfolgung 1938 bis 1945 sowie von der Gestapo Wien erkennungsdienstlich erfasster Männer und Frauen (www.doew.at), Margarethe und Wilhelmine Fürth.

OeStA/AdR, E-uReang, VVSt, VA 9583, Otto Fürth.

UAW, Akten Sonderreihe des Akademischen Senats des Rektorats der Universitätsdirektion, S 304 Personalblätter, Senat S 304.327 Otto Fürth.
UAW, Medizinische Fakultät, Promotionsprotokoll 1890–1894, Sign. 187, Zl. 1230, Otto Fürth.
UAW, Medizinische Fakultät, Rigorosenprotokoll 1872–1894, Sign. 177, Zl. 100a, Otto Fürth.
UAW, Medizinische Fakultät, Nationalien/Studienkataloge 1862–1938, Sign. 134, Zl. 0374, Otto Fürth.
UAW, Medizinische Fakultät, Dekanat, Zl. 1019/1937-38, Otto Fürth.
UAW, Rektorat, Zl. 19/1937-38, Zl. 677/1937-38, Otto Fürth.
UAW, Senat S 305.22, Otto Fürth, Nekrolog verfasst von Fritz Lieben.

WStLA, Bundespolizeidirektion Wien, Historische Meldeunterlagen, Prominentensammlung Otto Fürth.

GND: 117540277

VIAF: 57395058

Wikidata: Q90019

Jellinek, Stefan

acolono — Thu, 03 Sep 2020 14:39:50 +0000

Jellinek, Stefan

Leonhard Weidinger Sat, 03/13/2021 - 11:06

Stefan Jellinek

29 May 1871 Prerau / Přerov, Moravia – 2 September 1968 Edinburgh

until 1914 Samuel Jellinek

Until 1938, Stefan Jellinek was an extraordinary professor at the Institute of Forensic Medicine at the University of Vienna. In the four decades from 1899 to 1938 he also developed the Electropathological Museum at the University as a private collection. On 12 March 1938, the museum had around two thousand objects, including moulages, anatomical specimens, watercolours, damaged electrical objects and natural history objects. Because of Jellinek's Jewish origins, the university dismissed him at the end of 1938. In spite of several applications to the dean of the Medical Faculty and the support of his long-standing assistant and curator Franz Maresch, who had been Gauleiter of the Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellenorganisation (National Socialist Factory Cell Organization) in Vienna during the time from 1936 when the Nazi Party was illegal, he was unable to obtain an exemption that would allow him to continue working. In August 1939, Jellinek, who had obtained a position at Queen's College, Oxford, was able to depart with his wife and two sons before the outbreak of war, but was unable to take his collection with him. The Electropathological Museum had already been seized by Gestapo and transferred to the University of Vienna. From 1939 to 1945, Franz Maresch, how head of the industrial safety department in the office of Soziale Selbstverwaltung und Gestaltung (Social Self-Administration and Design) in the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (German Labour Front), continued to work as the curator of the museum.

In early 1946, Stefan Jellinek contacted the University of Vienna to discuss the future of the Electropathological Museum, which was restituted to him by a decision of the rector's office in July 1946. The collection remained in Vienna, while Jellinek continued to teach at Oxford. After his death in 1968, his son Ernst Heinrich Jellinek, who lived in Edinburgh, was named sole heir and in 1980 donated half of the Electropathological Museum collection to the Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt and the other half to the Österreichischer Verband für Elektrotechnik. In 2002, the latter gave its share to the Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, which donated the contents of the Electropathological Museum in May 2005 to the Technisches Museum Wien. The wet specimens were later transferred to the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien.

Keywords

6 January 2019

Publications about the person / institution

Christian Klösch, Der Entzug des Museums, in: Technisches Museum Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Hg.), Achtung Strom. Stefan Jellinek und das Elektropathologische Museum, Wien 2013, 40–48.

Christian Klösch, Inventarnummer 1938. Provenienzforschung am Technischen Museum Wien, Wien 2015.

Publications by the person / institution

Samuel Jellinek, Elektropathologie. Die Erkrankungen durch Blitzschlag und elektrischen Starkstrom in klinischer und forensischer Darstellung, Stuttgart 1903.
Samuel Jellinek, Über erste Hilfe bei elektrischen Unglücksfällen, Wien 1905.
Samuel Jellinek, Medizinische Anwendungen der Elektrizität, Berlin 1906.
Samuel Jellinek, Atlas der Elektropathologie, Berlin, Wien 1909.

Stefan Jellinek, Der elektrische Unfall. Skizziert für Ingenieur und Arzt, Leipzig, Wien 1925.
Stefan Jellinek, Das Gefahrenmoment beim Radio. Mit einem elektro-hygenischen Merkblatt für Radioamateuere, Leipzig, Wien 1925.
Stefan Jellinek, Spurensuche der Elektrizität. Elektrophysiographie, Leipzig, Wien 1927.
Stefan Jellinek, Elektroschutz in 132 Bildern, Wien, Leipzig 1931.
Stefan Jellinek, Gefahren der Elektrizität, Salzburg 1932.
Stefan Jellinek, Dying, apparent-death and resuscitation, London 1947.
Stefan Jellinek, Faradays Symbole als Grundlage einer neuen biologischen Forschungsrichtung, Wien 1949.
Stefan Jellinek, Atlas zur Spurenkunde der Elektrizität, Wien 1955.

Ausführliche Bibliografie in: Technisches Museum Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Hg.): Achtung Strom. Stefan Jellinek und das Elektropathologische Museum, Wien 2013, 211–216.

Archives

OeStA/AdR, E-uReang, FLD, Zl. 6315, Stefan Jellinek.
OeStA/AdR, E-uReang, Hilfsfonds, Abgeltungsfonds 932773, Stefan Jellinek.
OeStA/AdR, E-uReang, VVSt, VA 34255, Emilie Jellinek.
OeStA/AdR, E-uReang, VVSt, VA 34521, Stefan Jellinek.
OeStA/AdR, Finanzen, Finanzprokuratur, VI, 13857, Stefan Jellinek.

TMW-Archiv, Elektropathologisches Museum.

UAW, Dekanant der medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Wien, Gesch Z. 1013, 1937/38.
UAW, Dekanant der medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Wien, 1781/1937/38.

WStLA, M.Abt. 119, A41, VEAV 964N, 1. Bez., Stefan Jellinek.

GND: 117614904

VIAF: 45084872

Wikidata: Q89031

Lejeune, Fritz

acolono — Thu, 03 Sep 2020 14:39:32 +0000

Lejeune, Fritz Leonhard Weidinger Fri, 03/05/2021 - 22:26

Fritz Lejeune

1 July 1892 Cologne – 26 October 1966 Villach

Fritz Lejeune studied medicine, dentistry and comparative linguistics at the universities of Bonn and Greifswald. After his habilitation in 1922, he was appointed the same year as lecturer in the history of medicine at the University of Greifswald. Immediately after the First World War he was active within National Socialist and völkisch associations and states that he joined the NSDAP in 1923. In 1927 he was offered a lectureship in the history of medicine at the University of Cologne and a year later was appointed extraordinary professor there. In 1925 he co-founded and was chairman of the Reichsnotgemeinschaft Deutscher Ärzte. His involvement in National Socialist medical bureaucracy and, above all, his membership of numerous international medical history committees, made him a useful advocate for National Socialist foreign policy on behalf of the Propaganda Ministry. With his appointment as director of the Institute of the History of Medicine in Vienna, whose previous director Max Neuburger had been dismissed because of his Jewish origins, Lejeune reached the highpoint of his career. Thanks to Lejeune, the contents of the Institute's library – today's Zweigbibliothek für Geschichte der Medizin – were considerably enlarged between 1940 and 1945. The growth was a result of the generous financial subsidies from the Ministry of Internal and Cultural Affairs from 1940 but also through Lejeune's brazen acquisition of stocks from Viennese antiques dealers, which were involved in the booming Nazi book looting and Aryanizations. He obtained many items from Antiquariat Alfred Wolf, formed through the Aryanization and liquidation of antiques dealerships in 1938/39. Apart from his work at the Institute, Lejeune acted between 1940 and 1941 as a consultant and broker in the development of medical history libraries and as a supplier of books on medical history thanks to his contacts to Viennese antiques dealers. Thus he organized the incunabula from a medical history library for the pharmaceutical concern Boehringer & Sohn and the medical history literature for the Physiological Institute in Heidelberg. He worked particularly intensively with the Nazi leadership in Carinthia, especially Gauleiter Friedrich Rainer and his adviser Walter Medweth as part of the ostentatious Paracelsus commemoration organized by the National Socialist regime in Villach in 1941. In subsequent years he also collaborated in the development of a Paracelsus museum as the core of a planned medical history research institute.

After his flight from Vienna in early 1945, he was suspended by the dean of the Medical Faculty in Vienna on 10 May 1945. The Staatsamt für Volksaufklärung, für Unterricht und Erziehung und für Kultusangelegenheiten (State Office for Popular Enlightenment, Schools, Education and Cultural Affairs) dismissed Lejeune in June 1945. He was arrested by the US military and interned at the Glasenbach camp near Salzburg until the end of 1946 and then deported to Germany. His attempts to resume his university career in Germany were unsuccessful. In 1953 he was co-founder and long-standing chairman of Deutscher Kinderschutz to combat the supposed degeneration of West German youth through the adoption of a US lifestyle. In 1952 he was appointed a senator of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Wissenschaft und Forschung and was closely involved in the founding of the Deutsche Angestellten-Krankenkasse health insurance company. From the mid‑1950s he was also active in the early anti-nuclear movement. He moved in 1965 to Villach, where he died a year later.

Keywords

6 January 2019

Publications about the person / institution

Walter Mentzel/Bruno Bauer, Brüche in der Entwicklung medizinischer Bibliotheken in Wien während des NS-Regimes: Anmerkungen zur Geschichte der Vorgängerbibliotheken der Universitätsbibliothek der Medizinischen Universität Wien, in: Gertrude Enderle-Burcel/Alexandra Neubauer-Czettl/Edith Stumpf-Fischer (Hg.), Brüche und Kontinuitäten 1933–1938–1945. Fallstudien zu Verwaltung und Bibliotheken (= Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs Sonderband 12), Innsbruck 2013, 287–314.
Walter Mentzel/Bruno Bauer, Stumme Zeitzeugen. Medizinische und medizinhistorische Bibliotheken an der Medizinischen Universität Wien während der NS-Zeit, in: Stefan Alker/Christine Köstner/Markus Stumpf (Hg.), Bibliotheken in der NS-Zeit. Provenienzforschung und Bibliotheksgeschichte, Göttingen 2008, 273–287.

Klaus Schmierer, Medizingeschichte und Politik. Karrieren des Fritz Lejeune in der Weimarer Republik und im Nationalsozialismus (= Abhandlungen zur Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften 96), Husum 2002.

Archives

Sammlungen der Medizinischen Universität Wien, Archiv, Ordner Boehringer.
Sammlungen der Medizinischen Universität Wien, Archiv, Ordner Boehringer, Ordner Paracelsus-Ausstellung.
Sammlungen der Medizinischen Universität Wien, Archiv, Handschriften, K. 2.254.

UAW, Med.Fak., PA Lejeune.
UAW, Med.Fak., Dekanat, Zl. 323/1941–42.
UAW, Med.Fak., Dekanat, Zl. 455/1939–40.

GND: 119527227

VIAF: 84837464

Wikidata: Q38158872

Neuburger, Max

acolono — Thu, 03 Sep 2020 14:39:32 +0000

Neuburger, Max

Leonhard Weidinger Tue, 04/27/2021 - 06:22

Max Neuburger

8 December 1868 Vienna – 15 March 1955 Vienna

The psychiatrist and medical historian Max Neuburger was head of the Institute of the History of Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Vienna from 1914 to 1938. He studied medicine at the University of Vienna and after his doctorate in 1893 worked as a Sekundararzt (secondary doctor) at Rudolfs-Spital and as an assistant in the Neurology Department of the Wiener Allgemeine Poliklinik. In 1898 he habilitated under Theodor Puschmann in the history of medicine. After the Ministry of Culture and Education issued a decree at his instigation on 23 July 1906 approving the establishment of a institute of medical history, Neuburger began immediately to collect medical objects and to establish a medical library (among other things through donations, such as those from the medical history library of the Gesellschaft der Ärzte in Vienna), which after the official founding of the institute in 1914 was housed temporarily in the Erste Medizinische Klinik. After years of effort, the Institute of the History of Medicine was ultimately established and moved in 1918/19 to the former Josephinum Military Academy of Surgery at Währingerstraße 25 in Vienna's 9th district. Because of the lack of financial support, Neuburger was able to add to the inventory only on his own initiative through gifts, donations, the inclusion of his own private medical history library and tireless collection efforts. He retired on 1 April 1934 in the wake of government cutbacks and his professorial chair was abolished, making the institute's continued existence extremely precarious. It was only thanks to Neuburger's private commitment that he managed to continue running the institute as an honorary professor without a chair and to safeguard its assets. Neuburger was co-founder of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin und Naturwissenschaften (German Society for the History of Medicine and Natural Sciences) in 1901, co-editor of numerous medical history publications and, after the turn of the century, a prominent spokesman for a cultural and sociological focus in medical history, which was supported above all by international historians, particularly in the USA.

After the annexation in March 1938, Neuburger was obliged to leave the institute on 22 April 1938. In August 1939 he fled without means to Britain, where he worked in London for nine years as a medical historian at the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum. On 23 June1948 he moved to Buffalo, NY, to his son Fritz Neuburger. He returned to Vienna in 1952, where he died on 15 March 1955. On numerous occasions, Neuburger donated medical history books from his private library to the institute's library, now the Zweigbibliothek für Geschichte der Medizin (history of medicine branch library) forming the core of the present-day holdings of the Zweigbibliothek.

Keywords

6 January 2019

Publications about the person / institution

Emanuel Berghoff, Max Neuburger. Werden und Wirken eines österreichischen Gelehrten (= Wiener Beiträge zur Geschichte der Medizin 3), Wien 1948.

Michael Hubenstorf, Eine "Wiener Schule" der Medizingeschichte? – Max Neuburger und die vergessene deutschsprachige Medizingeschichte, in: Medizingeschichte und Gesellschaftskritik (= Festschrift für Gerhard Baader), Husum 1997, 246–289.

Publications by the person / institution

Max Neuburger, Die Anschauungen über den Mechanismus der specifischen Ernährung. Leipzig-Wien 1900.
Max Neuburger, Geschichte der Medizin. 2 Bde., Stuttgart 1906–1911.
Max Neuburger, Die Entwicklung der Medizin in Österreich (= Österreichische Bücherei 11), Wien-Leipzig 1918.
Max Neuburger, Die Wiener medizinische Schule im Vormärz, Wien-Berlin-Leipzig-München 1921.
Max Neuburger, Das alte medizinische Wien in zeitgenössischen Schilderungen, Wien-Leipzig 1921.
Max Neuburger, Die Lehre von der Heilkraft der Natur im Wandel der Zeiten, Stuttgart 1926.
Max Neuburger, British Medicine and the Vienna school. Contacts and parallels, London 1943.

Max Neuburger/Julius Pagel, Handbuch der Geschichte der Medizin 1–3, Jena 1902–1905.

Archives

UAW, Medizinische Fakultät, PA Max Neuburger.

GND: 117551058

VIAF: 17296017

Wikidata: Q1913127

Rothberger, Carl Julius

acolono — Thu, 03 Sep 2020 14:41:14 +0000

Rothberger, Carl Julius

Leonhard Weidinger Tue, 04/27/2021 - 07:28

Carl Julius Rothberger

14 October 1871 Vienna – 12 March 1945 Vienna

Carl Julius Rothberger, son of a clothing manufacturer and founder of the Jacob Rothberger department store on Stephansplatz in Vienna, did not join the family business like his brothers Moritz, Alfred and Heinrich Rothberger but studied medicine from 1891 at the University of Vienna. After obtaining his doctorate, he worked initially in the bacteriology laboratory of the k. k. Militär-Sanitäts-Comité, then at the Rudolfstiftung hospital and in 1898 at the 1st Medizinische Universitätsklinik. In 1899 he joined the Institute of General and Experimental Pathology and habilitated in 1904 in general and experimental pathology. In April 1912 he was appointed extraordinary professor and in 1924 became deputy head of the Institute of General and Experimental Pathology. He devoted himself from 1908 to basic research in the field of electrocardiography and discovered the cause of atrial fibrillation. In 1936 he was obliged to take early retirement on account of cutbacks by the Federal Ministry of Education, and the position of extraordinary professorship was removed from the list of posts at the university. At Pollak's request, the Ministry allowed him to continue working without pay at the Institute as an honorary professor until his scheduled retirement in 1941.

Rothberger, who was of Jewish origins, was arrested on 23 March 1938 by the Gestapo and was only released thanks to the intervention of the dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Eduard Pernkopf. His marriage to Leopoldine Rothberger, née Wohlfahrt, who was "Aryan" according to the Nazi definition, was defined as a "privileged mixed marriage" which protected him, albeit not completely, from Nazi persecution. On 30 June 1938 Rothberger had to submit a declaration of assets, in which he listed the medical library at the Institute, which belonged to him. In a supplement in November 1938, he put the value of the books at 1,000 Reichsmarks and pointed out that he had no effective access to them. As the law on rental agreements with Jews of 30 April 1939 excluded "mixed marriages" from the requirement of forced eviction, it was possible for the Rothberger family to keep their apartment in Philipphof in Vienna's 1st district. Carl Julius and Leopoldine Rothberger died on 12 March 1945 during an air raid, which destroyed Philipphof, today the site of the Memorial against War and Fascism. Their daughter, who was at school at the time of the air raid, survived and emigrated after the war to the USA.

During the provenance research at today's Zweigbibliothek für Geschichte der Medizin (history of medicine branch library), books formerly owned by Rothberger – as indicated by bookplates and handwritten entries – were discovered. They had been inventoried after 1939. In September 2010 the Medical University of Vienna restituted twenty-nine books to the Rothberger's daughter. In subsequent years the Medical University decided on two further restitutions of books formerly belonging to Rothberger.

Keywords

Nazi persecutee

University professor

11 July 2020

Publications about the person / institution

Bruno Bauer/Walter Mentzel, Restitutionsfall Carl Julius Rothberger. Erste Rückgabe von NS-Raubgut aus dem Bestand aus der Universitätsbibliothek durch die Medizinische Universität Wien, in: VÖB (= Mitteilungen der Vereinigung österreichischer Bibliothekare) 63 (2010) 3/4, 101–107, URL: www.univie.ac.at/voeb/fileadmin/Dateien/Publikationen/VOB-Mitteilungen/vm63201023_4.pdf (3.12.2020).

Dominik Gross/Christina Laurs, The Jewish Pathologist Carl Julius Rothberger (1871–1945) and the gradual deprivation of his rights in the Third Reich, in: Pathology - Research and Practice, 215 (2019) 12, URL: doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2019.152679.

Monika Löscher, Carl Julius Rothberger, in: Christina Gschiel/Ulrike Nimeth/Leonhard Weidinger (Hg.), schneidern und sammeln. Die Wiener Familie Rothberger (= Schriftenreihe der Kommission für Provenienzforschung 2), Wien-Köln-Weimar 2010, 157–165, URL: doi.org/10.7767/boehlau.9783205790839.157.

Leonhard Weidinger, Geschneidert. Gesammelt. Arisiert. Restituiert. Die Geschichte der Brüder Rothberger – Tailored. Collected. Aryanized. Restituted. The story of the Rothberger brothers, in: Astrid Peterle (Hg.), Kauft bei Juden! Geschichte einer Wiener Geschäftskultur – Buy From Jews! Story of a Viennese store culture, Wien 2017, 180–193.

Publications by the person / institution

Carl Julius Rothberger, 40 Jahre experimentelle Pathologie, in: Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 48 (1935), 673–675.

Archives

Handschriftensammlung der Medizinischen Universität Wien, Geschichte der Medizin, Julius Rothberger.

OeStA/AdR, E-uReang, FLD, Zl. 15706, Julius Rothberger.
OeStA/AdR, E-uReang, Hilfsfonds, Sammelstellen A und B, Negativ-Akten Liegenschaften N 253, Julius Rothberger.
OeStA/AdR, E-uReang, VVSt, VA 27282, Julius Rothberger.

UAW, Medizinische Fakultät, Dekanat, 1032/1937-1938.
UAW, Medizinische Fakultät, Dekanat, PA 461, Julius Rothberger.
UAW, Rektorat, Zl. 677/1937-1938, Julius Rothberger.
UAW, Senat S 304.1065, Julius Rothberger.

GND: 127867228

VIAF: 35491456

Wikidata: Q60820940

Universitätsbibliothek der Medizinischen Universität Wien

acolono — Thu, 03 Sep 2020 14:39:35 +0000

Universitätsbibliothek der Medizinischen Universität Wien Susanne Hehenberger Thu, 11/19/2020 - 13:20

Universitätsbibliothek der Medizinischen Universität Wien

University Library of the Medical University of Vienna

Until the annexation in March 1938, Vienna had various decentralized medical libraries set up in the first half of the nineteenth century (Second Medical School) to keep pace with the rapid development of the individual medical disciplines. These libraries were located in Viennese hospitals, as clinic and institute libraries in the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna, and in the General Hospital. There were also non-university research and professional organizations and interest groups, mostly in the form of associations. The Medical Faculty in Vienna was subject to massive changes following the annexation, with a huge wave of dismissals and persecution of academic staff and students. This caesura had grave consequences on the development of the libraries. Decades of uninterrupted library work came to an abrupt end in March 1938. Existing research networks were completely destroyed. Long-standing libraries were closed, including the Medical Reading Room at the General Hospital in October 1939, which until then had been one of the largest hospital libraries in Vienna. The reform and reorganization by the Nazi regime also had serious consequences for the libraries of non-university institutes. Before the annexation, there were over sixty medical associations, research, professional and interest groups, which were now "aligned" within the Nazi power structures or closed down and their assets expropriated or transferred to the replacement Nazi institutions. Many books ended up in the following years in the antiques market. They included the library of the Doctoren-Kollegium, which was transferred in 1939 to the Reichsärztekammer in Vienna and only in 1970 handed back to the library of the Institute of the History of Medicine. The first to be affected by the closure of medical libraries, however, were Jewish associations, such as that of the Akademischer Verein jüdischer Mediziner – a branch of the Medical Section of the Gesamtverband jüdischer Hochschüler Judäa. By the end of 1939 the medical associations in Vienna had practically disappeared.

It was not until the 1970s that a major reorganization of inventories of medical libraries was undertaken, one that continues to have repercussions today. Under the 1975 University Organization Act, all clinic and institute libraries were put in the charge of the University of Vienna Library. In 1986 a library was opened in the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna and all of the works from the decentralized clinics and medical institutes incorporated in it. After this Faculty Library opened in 1989 at the site of the new General Hospital (university clinics), all of the hitherto independent clinic and institutes were subsumed in it until 1994, when the Austrian Central Library for Medicine was established. This involved the transfer of the historical contents to the present-day University Library and the Zweigbibliothek für Geschichte der Medizin (Branch Library for the History of Medicine). It included the Obersteiner library and the historical contents of the Bibliothek der Gesellschaft der Ärzte in Wien (Library of the College of Physicians in Vienna), which were loaned to it in three phases in 1960s, 1976 and 2003. Through the acquisition of other special collections, most of the medical history works were now combined in one central location, forming a special library, whose heterogeneous and unsystematically arranged contents are today the unofficial archive library of medical history in Austria. When the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna became the stand-alone Medical University of Vienna in 2004, the former Austrian Central Library of Medicine became the new university's library. It currently contains around 780,000 monographs and magazines and is the largest medical library in Austria.

The provenance research carried out at the University Library of the Medical University of Vienna since 2007 has to take account of the numerous interruptions in the development and history of the individual libraries and collections. In that context, mention should be made of the absence – except for the former Institute for the History of Medicine and the Bibliothek der Gesellschaft der Ärzte in Wien – of inventory lists and the patchy if not completely missing documentation of the library administration and acquisitions policy. The universities that became autonomous in 2004 were under no legal obligation to investigate their contents in accordance with the 1998 Art Restitution Act (amended in 2009). The rectorates of the Medical University of Vienna fully supported such research in its library. In accordance with the recommendations, the following restitutions have been made: Alfred Arnstein (2012), Stefan Auspitz (2018), Bibliothek Sassenbach (2011), Raoul Fernand Jellinek-Mercedes (2012), Hans Peter Kraus (2014), Carl Julius Rothberger (2010), and Philip Suschitzky and Adele Suschitzky (2014). Restitution recommendations also exist for three further dossiers: Alois Fantl, Richard Löwi, and Maximilian Weinberger. Provenance research at the University Library of the Medical University of Vienna continues.

Keywords

Library